The application of digitalization to container traffic and its impact on economic development

Abstract

Digitalization in ports is a strategic lever for transforming traditional ports into "smart ports," enhancing the performance and fluidity of logistics chains through the adoption of modern technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and digital platforms (e.g., the APCS system). These transformations contribute to accelerating customs procedures, reducing operational costs, and improving real-time tracking of containers and vessels. The impact of digitalization on improving the performance of container and cargo handling at the Port of Tripoli can be measured using a descriptive-analytical methodology for the theoretical aspect. The study also employed questionnaires and analyzed them using the statistical software SPSS, which describes and analyzes the study's variables comprising five main axes. The problem of the study lies in the fact that Libyan ports, especially the Port of Tripoli, suffer from slow procedures and weak systems. The results showed statistically significant positive correlations between the digital infrastructure and technologies used and each of the dependent variables, where: The information system showed the highest correlation (r = 0.79, p = 0.001), followed by logistics service quality (r = 0.76, p = 0.001), then customer service (r = 0.71, p = 0.001), followed by human resources and institutional support (r = 0.65, p = 0.002). Meanwhile, the lowest correlation was with operational container handling efficiency, though it remained statistically significant (r = 0.45, p = 0.023). This confirms a positive impact of digitalization on improving the operational and service performance of the port. However, there is no significant impact on economic development. On the ports' side, Libyan ports are considered old and do not keep pace with global developments in maritime transport, being traditional ports. Despite their importance due to their location on the Mediterranean Sea, they are known for slow service delivery. Maritime transport plays a vital role in enhancing foreign trade and economic development. The study concluded that implementing digitalization at the Port of Tripoli can significantly improve the efficiency of container and cargo handling operations, reduce processing time, enhance service quality, and increase the port's competitiveness, while emphasizing the need to develop and train human resources to achieve a successful digital transformation.